What type of pump is typically required above 14,000 kPa?

The correct answer is the volute type centrifugal pump when discussing applications that require operation above 14,000 kPa, particularly in systems that demand consistent high flow rates with moderate pressures.

Volute type centrifugal pumps are particularly effective in moving large volumes of liquids at relatively high pressures. They harness centrifugal force, which is generated by a rotating impeller, to convert kinetic energy into hydraulic energy, thereby enabling high-pressure output. This makes them ideal for applications such as water supply, irrigation, and industrial processes where a continuous flow with significant pressure is necessary.

While positive displacement pumps and reciprocating pumps can also operate at high pressures, they are typically more suited for scenarios where precise dosing or lower flow rates are required. Positive displacement pumps, including rotary and reciprocating types, operate by entrapping a fixed volume of fluid and forcing it out, which can lead to pulsations and may not be as effective for large volumes where smooth continuous flow is desired.

Therefore, when high-pressure applications above 14,000 kPa are considered, the volute type centrifugal pump stands out as the most appropriate choice due to its ability to handle high flow rates efficiently while maintaining the required pressure.