What is the optimum temperature for bitumen recovery by steam injection?

The optimum temperature for bitumen recovery by steam injection is typically around 178℃. This temperature is crucial because it is high enough to effectively reduce the viscosity of the bitumen, allowing for improved flow and easier extraction from the reservoir. At this temperature, steam can adequately heat the bitumen, facilitating its recovery while minimizing potential degradation of the material and maximizing the efficiency of the extraction process.

Higher temperatures, such as 210℃ or 250℃, may result in thermal cracking of the bitumen, leading to a reduction in its quality and potential environmental concerns. On the other hand, lower temperatures, like 150℃, may not provide enough energy to significantly reduce the viscosity, resulting in ineffective recovery. Therefore, the temperature of 178℃ strikes the right balance, optimizing the recovery process while preserving the integrity of the bitumen.