What is the difference between sterilization and disinfection of water?

The correct answer highlights that sterilization removes all life forms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, ensuring that the water is completely free from any potentially harmful microorganisms. This process is typically achieved through methods such as autoclaving, boiling, or using strong chemical agents, which ensures total microbial eradication.

In contrast, disinfection doesn't necessarily eliminate all microorganisms; it reduces the number of pathogenic organisms to a level that is not harmful to health. Disinfection methods include the use of chlorine, UV light, and ozone, which are effective against many pathogens but may not eradicate all spores or resistant organisms. This distinction is crucial in water treatment processes, especially in applications requiring high levels of microbiological safety, such as in medical or laboratory settings.

Understanding the difference is essential for selecting the appropriate water treatment method based on the required level of microbial control for the intended use.