What is the average thermal efficiency of a supercritical plant?

The average thermal efficiency of a supercritical power plant typically falls within the range of 45% to 48%. Supercritical plants operate at pressures and temperatures above the critical point of water, which significantly enhances their thermal efficiency compared to subcritical plants. This efficiency is achieved due to several factors, including a higher operating temperature, which increases the thermodynamic cycle's efficiency, and the advanced technologies used in supercritical equipment that optimize heat transfer and reduce losses.

In supercritical plants, the water/steam does not undergo a phase change, allowing for better heat transfer and overall more efficient energy conversion. This results in a more efficient cycle and the ability to generate more electricity from the same amount of fuel compared to traditional coal-fired plants. Therefore, the selection of 45% to 48% aligns with industry standards and research findings regarding the performance of modern supercritical steam cycles.