What is one of the main advantages of a membrane wall in a furnace?

One of the main advantages of a membrane wall in a furnace is the elimination of refractory maintenance. Membrane walls are primarily made up of water-cooled tubes that provide structural support and also form a barrier between the hot gases in the furnace and the external environment. Unlike traditional refractory linings, which can deteriorate over time due to thermal stresses and chemical attack, membrane walls are more durable and less prone to damage. This significantly reduces the need for frequent maintenance and repairs that are typically associated with refractory materials. As a result, not only does this lower the operational costs related to maintenance, but it also enhances the reliability and operational efficiency of the furnace over time.

In contrast, the other options, while they might have some connection to membrane wall designs or benefits, do not capture the primary advantage in the same clear manner. For instance, increased furnace volume, reduction of fuel consumption, and improved cooling efficiency can depend on various factors including the overall design and operation of the furnace, rather than being direct benefits of just having a membrane wall.