What are effective chemicals used to combat CO₂ corrosion?

The use of ammonia, neutralizing amines, and filming amines is effective in combating CO₂ corrosion because these chemicals play a crucial role in mitigating the effects of carbonic acid formed when CO₂ dissolves in water.

Ammonia, a weak base, can react with carbonic acid to help neutralize its acidity. This reduction in acidity lowers the corrosion potential on metal surfaces, making them less susceptible to degradation.

Neutralizing amines serve a similar purpose as they can also neutralize acids and assist in stabilizing pH levels in the system, thus protecting the metal from corrosion. Filming amines, on the other hand, create a protective film on the surface of metals. This barrier limits the interaction between the metal and corrosive agents, significantly reducing the rate of CO₂ corrosion.

In contrast, the other choices do not provide effective strategies against CO₂ corrosion. Hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide would not combat corrosion; rather, they might increase corrosion through their own corrosive nature. Calcium carbonate and potassium chloride do not directly address the corrosive effects of CO₂, as they do not neutralize the acid effectively. Chlorine and sodium sulfate may have their uses in other contexts but are not relevant to the